AbbVie is an American publicly traded biopharmaceutical company founded in 2013. It originated as a spin-off of Abbott Laboratories. Abbott Laboratories is an American medical devices and health care company with headquarters in Abbott Park, Illinois, United States. The company was founded by Chicago physician Wallace Calvin Abbott in 1888 to formulate known drugs; today, it sells medical devices, diagnostics, branded generic medicines and nutritional products. It split off the research-based pharmaceuticals into AbbVie in 2013.

AmerisourceBergen Corporation is an American drug wholesale company that was formed by the merger of Bergen Brunswig and AmeriSource in 2001.[2] They provide drug distribution and related services designed to reduce costs and improve patient outcomes, distribute a line of brand name and generic pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter (OTC) health care products and home health care supplies and equipment to a wide variety of health care providers located throughout the United States, including acute care hospitals and health systems, independent and chain retail pharmacies, mail-order facilities, physicians, clinics and other alternate site facilities, as well as skilled nursing and assisted living centers. They also provide pharmaceuticals and pharmacy services to long-term care, workers’ compensation and specialty drug patients. AmerisourceBergen is a market leader in pharmaceutical distribution handling about 20% of all of the pharmaceuticals sold and distributed throughout the country and ranked 12th on the Fortune 500 list for 2018 with over $153 billion in annual revenue.[3] In terms of revenue (79.49 billion in 2012) the firm is the largest based in Pennsylvania.

Baxter International Inc. is an American health care company with headquarters in Deerfield, Illinois. The company primarily focuses on medical products for treating hemophilia, kidney disease, immune disorders and other chronic and acute medical conditions. The company had 2017 sales of $10.6 billion, across two businesses: BioScience and Medical Products. Baxter’s BioScience business produces recombinant and blood plasma proteins to treat hemophilia and other bleeding disorders; plasma-based therapies to treat immune deficiencies and other chronic and acute blood-related conditions; products for regenerative medicine, and vaccines. Baxter’s Medical Products business produces intravenous products and other products used in the delivery of fluids and drugs to patients; inhalational anaesthetics; contract manufacturing services; and products to treat end-stage renal disease, or irreversible kidney failure, including products for peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.

Boston Scientific Corporation, doing business as Boston Scientific, is a manufacturer of medical devices used in interventional medical specialties, including interventional radiology, interventional cardiology, peripheral interventions, neuromodulation, neurovascular intervention, electrophysiology, cardiac surgery, vascular surgery, endoscopy, oncology, urology and gynecology. Boston Scientific is primarily known for the development of the Taxus Stent, a drug-eluting stent which is used to open clogged arteries.[2] With the full acquisition of Cameron Health in June 2012, the company also became notable for offering a minimally invasive implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) which they call the EMBLEM Subcutaneous Implantable Defibrillator (S-ICD).

Cardinal Health, Inc. is an American multinational health care services company, and the 14th highest revenue generating company in the United States. Its headquarters are based in Dublin, Ohio and Dublin, Ireland (EMEA). The company specializes in distribution of pharmaceuticals and medical products, serving more than 100,000 locations.[2] The company also manufactures medical and surgical products, including gloves, surgical apparel and fluid management products. In addition, it operates the largest network of radiopharmacies in the U.S.[3] Cardinal Health provides medical products to over 75 percent of hospitals in the United States.

Cigna is an American worldwide health services organization based in suburban Bloomfield, Connecticut and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[2] Its insurance subsidiaries are major providers of medical, dental, disability, life and accident insurance and related products and services, the majority of which are offered through employers and other groups (e.g. governmental and non-governmental organizations, unions and associations). Cigna is incorporated in Connecticut. [3] Cigna offers Medicare and Medicaid products and health, life and accident insurance coverages primarily to individuals in the U.S. and selected international markets. In addition to its ongoing operations described above, Cigna also has certain run-off operations, including a Run-off Reinsurance segment.[4] In the Phoenix metropolitan area, Cigna runs a full-service staff-model HMO (health maintenance organization) with satellite clinics throughout the region, known as the Cigna Medical Group.[5] Cigna Global Health Benefits also operates under the Cigna corporation. Cigna’s motto is ‘Together, all the way.'[6] The company ranked No. 73 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.[7] On March 7, 2018, it was announced that Cigna would buy Express Scripts in a $67 billion deal[8][9] and on August 24, 2018, the shareholders of Cigna and Express Scripts approved the deal.

CVS Health Corporation (previously CVS Corporation or CVS Caremark Corporation) is an American healthcare company that owns CVS Pharmacy, a retail pharmacy chain, CVS Caremark, a pharmacy benefits manager, and Aetna, a health insurance provider, among other brands, headquartered in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. Consumer Value Stores (CVS) was founded in 1963 by three partners: brothers Stanley and Sidney Goldstein and Ralph Hoagland, who grew the venture from a parent company, Mark Steven, Inc., that helped retailers manage their health and beauty aid product lines.[3][4] The business began as a chain of health and beauty aid stores, but within several years, pharmacies were added. To facilitate growth and expansion, the company joined the Melville Corporation, which managed a string of retail businesses. Following a period of growth in the 1980s and 1990s, CVS Corporation spun off from Melville in 1996, becoming a standalone company trading on the New York Stock Exchange as CVS.[5] It later completed a merger with the pharmacy benefit management company Caremark Rx in 2007, and was renamed CVS Caremark Corporation. The company was renamed CVS Health in 2014, following its decision to remove tobacco products from CVS Pharmacy store shelves. CVS Health’s assets include CVS Pharmacy, CVS Caremark, CVS Specialty, and the retail clinic MinuteClinic. In 2019, it ranked eighth[6] on the Fortune 500 and 19th on the Fortune Global 500 list with $194.58 billion in annual revenue.[7] In December 2017, CVS agreed to acquire Aetna for $69 billion[8][9][10] and completed the acquisition in November 2018.[11] Legal issues related to the merger were resolved in September 2019.

Eli Lilly and Company is an American pharmaceutical company headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, with offices in 18 countries. Its products are sold in approximately 125 countries. The company was founded in 1876 by, and named after, Col. Eli Lilly, a pharmaceutical chemist and veteran of the American Civil War. Lilly’s notable achievements include being the first company to mass-produce the polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk, and insulin. It was one of the first pharmaceutical companies to produce human insulin using recombinant DNA including Humulin (insulin medication), Humalog (insulin lispro), and the first approved biosimilar insulin product in the US, Basaglar (insulin glargine).[3] Lilly is currently the largest manufacturer of psychiatric medications and produces Prozac (fluoxetine), Dolophine (methadone), Cymbalta (duloxetine), and Zyprexa (olanzapine). The company is ranked 123rd on the 2019 Fortune 500.[4] It is ranked 221st on the Forbes Global 2000 list of the largest public companies in the world[5] and 252nd on the Forbes list of America’s Best Employers.[6] Eli Lilly is a full member of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America[7] and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA).[8] As of 1997, it was the largest corporation and the largest charitable benefactor in Indiana.

Genesis HealthCare is a provider of short-term post-acute, rehabilitation, skilled nursing and long-term care services. As of January 2017, Genesis operates approximately 500 skilled nursing centers and assisted/senior living residences in 34 states across the United States. Genesis also supplies rehabilitation therapy to approximately 1,700 healthcare providers in 45 states and the District of Columbia. Genesis has approximately 80,000 employees. Genesis HealthCare is headquartered in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania.

HCA Healthcare is an American for-profit operator of health care facilities that was founded in 1968. It is based in Nashville, Tennessee and in 2019 it managed 185 hospitals and 119 freestanding surgery centers,[2] including surgery centers, freestanding ERs, urgent care centers, and physician clinics in the United States and United Kingdom.[3] HCA went public on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1969 followed by a substantial growth period for the next two decades. The company was ranked No. 67 in the 2019 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.[4] In 1993, lawsuits were filed against HCA by former employees who drew attention to the company’s questionable billing practices to Medicare for hundreds of millions of dollars.[5] Some of the allegations included charging the government costs for running its hospitals, paying kickbacks to physicians for referrals, and unlawfully charging for costs involving wound care facilities. A federal probe ensued, spanning nearly a decade, and culminated in 2003 with “the government receiving a total of over $2 billion in criminal fines and civil penalties for systematically defrauding federal health care programs.”[6] The federal probe has been referred to as the longest and costliest investigation for health-care fraud in U.S. history.